중동부유럽

There are somewhat common elements in the formation of the modern police of Greece and Korea. They have been influenced much more by the continental law than the Anglo-American, as the military police played a significant role. The purpose of military force, however, was quite different against each other. In Greece, the military police was closely connected with the guerilla forces or ‘Thieves (Klevtes)’, being used more or less for the national independence. On the contrary, the Korea’s military police was introduced by the Japanese as a subsidiary measure for their colonial domination. In spite of this kind of difference, however, two countries proved the common aspect that the effort for concentration of political power was attended with the increase of police force itself. In Korea such an attempt made advance under the Japanese colonial domination. And the established police power held out even after the Korea’s independence from Japan achieved in the August, 1945, and under the American’s military government in Korea the Japanese colonial police system kept up without much difference. In Greece as a hotbed of traditional liberal democracy, however, the centralization of political power was not fully realized. Being invited from Bavaria of Germany to the throne of Greece in 1833, Otto created Chorophylaki, a kind of military police, following the French type of 'Gendarmerie’ as well as the Bavarian tradition on the line of continental Civil Law. The Chorophylaki, however, did not meet his wishes, since it showed a firm tendency of regional decentralization, and the military police was in antagonism with the citizens. Successively, the Astyphylaki, a new military police, was created in January 1, 1894. On this stage the police functions were committed on a large scale to the army forces in city regions, while in other regions the Chorophylaki provided the leading staffs for the Astyphylaki. On the other hand, the Astynomia, a citizen police, influenced by the Anglo-American Law came to be established in the beginning of the 20th century. And later, both of the Chorophylaki or military force and the citizen police, the Astynomia, were attached together to the Department of Public Security, operating, however, independently against each other. At last, the Chorophylaki and the Astynomia came to be unified to the Greek National Police(ELAS) in 1984. Skeptical introspection to this change, however, has still been prevalent in the Greek Society, as the Greek is doubting for how much the unification of police power could contribute to the democracy of citizen value. This kind of reflection for decentralization is very different from the Korean's view of point, as lots of people in Korea accept blindedly every concentrating power mechanism of the modern state.